State Comparison

Illinois vs North Dakota

Illinois is cheaper overall, while $100 goes further in North Dakota, Illinois has higher incomes, North Dakota has lower state income tax, and Illinois gets more sunshine.

Illinois

IL • Midwest

Quality of Life Score

54.60

North Dakota

ND • Midwest

Better quality of life

Quality of Life Score

54.63

Illinois

11 / 31

metrics won

Score

North Dakota

20 / 31

metrics won

Wins

ND wins Housing

ND wins Quality of Life

IL wins Climate

ND wins Income

Quality of Life

Composite score — income, affordability, education, health, and safety.

Illinois

54.60

North Dakota winner

54.63

North Dakota scores higher on quality of life — 0.03 points difference.

Quick Take

Illinois vs North Dakota

This quick read mixes affordability, housing, income, politics, density, and climate so the biggest tradeoffs show up fast.

Illinois has a larger population than North Dakota by 12,033,414 people.
Illinois has the lower cost-of-living index. Illinois is at 95.2, while North Dakota is at 99.1.
After BEA price-level adjustments, $100 has about $110.70 of local buying power in North Dakota, versus $104.29 in Illinois.
Illinois has the higher median household income at $78,433, compared with $73,959 in North Dakota.

Overview

Key differences overview

These cards keep the comparison factual first, so the biggest tradeoffs in affordability, housing, taxes, politics, climate, and day-to-day living are easy to scan.

Overall Affordability

Illinois is 3.9 points cheaper overall

Illinois has the lower cost-of-living index. Illinois is at 95.2, while North Dakota is at 99.1.

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Real Dollar Value

$100 goes $6.41 further in North Dakota

After BEA price-level adjustments, $100 has about $110.70 of local buying power in North Dakota, versus $104.29 in Illinois.

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Income

Illinois income is 6.0% higher

Illinois has the higher median household income at $78,433, compared with $73,959 in North Dakota.

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Jobs

Illinois minimum wage is $7.75 higher

Illinois has the higher statewide minimum wage at $15.00/hr, compared with $7.25/hr in North Dakota.

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Housing

Illinois homes cost about 1.1x more

North Dakota has the lower median home value at $220,600, versus $247,500 in Illinois.

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Taxes

North Dakota has lower state income tax

North Dakota has the lower state income tax rate. Its top rate is 2.50%, compared with 4.95% in Illinois.

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Full Comparison

Pick a category to focus on. General shows the most important facts at a glance.

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Capital City The official state capital.	Springfield	Bismarck	Details ->
State Color Simple political color label based on the 2024 presidential result and battleground status.	Solid Blue	Solid Red	Details ->
Population Total resident population (2020 Census).	12,812,508	779,094	Details ->
Median Income Median household income in U.S. dollars.	$78,433	$73,959	Details ->
Cost of Living Composite cost of living index (100 = national average). Lower = more affordable.	95.2	99.1	Details ->
Median Housing Value Median residential home value in U.S. dollars.	$247,500	$220,600	Details ->
Property Tax Effective real-estate property tax rate (% of home value, WalletHub February 17, 2026 using 2024 data).	2.01%	0.99%	Details ->
State Income Tax Top marginal state income tax rate. 0% = no state income tax.	4.95%	2.50%	Details ->
Minimum Wage State minimum wage in U.S. dollars per hour (U.S. Department of Labor, updated January 1, 2026).	$15.00/hr	$7.25/hr	Details ->
Gas Price Average regular gasoline price by state (AAA State Gas Price Averages, updated daily).	$4.294/gal	$3.451/gal	Details ->
Electricity Rates Average residential electricity price in cents per kWh (EIA monthly state data, January 2026 preliminary).	16.36 c/kWh	10.92 c/kWh	Details ->
Livability Score Best States to Live In total score (August 11, 2025).	54.60	54.63	Details ->
Average Temperature Average annual statewide temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.	51.8°F	40.4°F	Details ->
Sunny Days Average number of sunny or mostly sunny days per year.	95 days	93 days	Details ->
Land Area Total land area in square miles.	57,914 sq mi	70,698 sq mi	Details ->
Population Density Number of residents per square mile.	221.2 per sq mi	11.0 per sq mi	Details ->
Statehood When the state was admitted to the Union and its admission order.	December 3, 1818 (#21)	November 2, 1889 (#39)	Details ->

Population -> Median Income -> Cost of Living -> Median Housing Value -> Property Tax -> State Income Tax -> Minimum Wage -> Gas Price -> Electricity Rates -> Livability Score -> Average Temperature -> Sunny Days -> Land Area -> Population Density ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Population Total resident population (2020 Census).	12,812,508	779,094	Details ->
Population Density Number of residents per square mile.	221.2 per sq mi	11.0 per sq mi	Details ->
Bachelor's Degree Adults age 25+ with a bachelor's degree or higher (ACS 2023).	38.3%	33.6%	Details ->
Advanced Degree Adults age 25+ with a graduate or professional degree (ACS 2023).	15.5%	10.2%	Details ->

Population -> Population Density -> Bachelor's Degree -> Advanced Degree ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Minimum Wage State minimum wage in U.S. dollars per hour (U.S. Department of Labor, updated January 1, 2026).	$15.00/hr	$7.25/hr	Details ->

Minimum Wage ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Livability Score Best States to Live In total score (August 11, 2025).	54.60	54.63	Details ->
Best State to Live In Composite living score for comparing states to live in, based on the existing livability score.	54.60	54.63	Details ->
Cost of Living Composite cost of living index (100 = national average). Lower = more affordable.	95.2	99.1	Details ->
Gas Price Average regular gasoline price by state (AAA State Gas Price Averages, updated daily).	$4.294/gal	$3.451/gal	Details ->
Gas Tax State gasoline excise tax in cents per gallon. Lower = lower state fuel tax burden.	47.00 c/gal	23.00 c/gal	Details ->
Electricity Rates Average residential electricity price in cents per kWh (EIA monthly state data, January 2026 preliminary).	16.36 c/kWh	10.92 c/kWh	Details ->
Commute Time Average commute time in minutes.	28.1 min	16.2 min	Details ->

Livability Score -> Best State to Live In -> Cost of Living -> Gas Price -> Gas Tax -> Electricity Rates -> Commute Time ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Average Temperature Average annual statewide temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.	51.8°F	40.4°F	Details ->
Summer Temperature Average statewide summer temperature across June, July, and August.	73.4°F	66.6°F	Details ->
Winter Temperature Average statewide winter temperature across December, January, and February.	28.3°F	12.2°F	Details ->
Sunny Days Average number of sunny or mostly sunny days per year.	95 days	93 days	Details ->
Annual Precipitation Average annual rain and snowfall combined, measured in inches.	39.2 in	17.8 in	Details ->

Average Temperature -> Summer Temperature -> Winter Temperature -> Sunny Days -> Annual Precipitation ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Median Housing Value Median residential home value in U.S. dollars.	$247,500	$220,600	Details ->
Median Gross Rent Median gross monthly rent in U.S. dollars.	$1,227/mo	$939/mo	Details ->
Median Monthly Owner Costs With Mortgage Median selected monthly owner costs for households with a mortgage.	-	-	Details ->
Owner Costs Without Mortgage Median selected monthly owner costs for households without a mortgage.	-	-	Details ->
Homeownership Rate Share of occupied housing units that are owner-occupied.	66.5%	63.3%	Details ->
Home Value to Income Ratio Median home value divided by median household income.	3.16x	2.98x	Details ->
Rent to Income Ratio Annualized median gross rent as a share of median household income.	18.8%	15.2%	Details ->
Owner Costs to Income Median selected monthly owner costs as a percentage of household income (ACS 2023).	17.8%	14.7%	Details ->

Median Housing Value -> Median Gross Rent -> Median Monthly Owner Costs With Mortgage -> Owner Costs Without Mortgage -> Homeownership Rate -> Home Value to Income Ratio -> Rent to Income Ratio -> Owner Costs to Income ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
State Income Tax Top marginal state income tax rate. 0% = no state income tax.	4.95%	2.50%	Details ->
State Sales Tax State-level sales tax rate. 0% = no state sales tax (local taxes may apply).	6.25%	5.00%	Details ->
Property Tax Effective real-estate property tax rate (% of home value, WalletHub February 17, 2026 using 2024 data).	2.01%	0.99%	Details ->

State Income Tax -> State Sales Tax -> Property Tax ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
State Color Simple political color label based on the 2024 presidential result and battleground status.	Solid Blue	Solid Red	Details ->
Presidential Voting Margin Signed 2024 presidential margin in percentage points (positive = Democratic, negative = Republican).	Dem +10.86	Rep +36.45	Details ->
Swing State / Battleground Whether the state was part of the core 2024 battleground map.	Not a battleground	Not a battleground	Details ->
Governor Party Current governor's party (NCSL partisan composition, January 27, 2026).	Democratic	Republican	Details ->
State House Control Current partisan control of the lower legislative chamber (NCSL, January 27, 2026).	Democratic	Republican	Details ->
State Senate Control Current partisan control of the upper legislative chamber (NCSL, January 27, 2026).	Democratic	Republican	Details ->
Trifecta Whether one party controls the governorship and both legislative chambers (NCSL, January 27, 2026).	Democratic Trifecta	Republican Trifecta	Details ->

Presidential Voting Margin ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Gun Laws Status Simplified statewide gun-law label based on current Giffords grades: A to B = Restrictive, C to F = Permissive (scorecard modified February 20, 2026).	Restrictive	Permissive	Details ->
Alcohol Laws Whether the state uses a control-state or license-state model for distilled-spirit sales (NABCA directory accessed April 6, 2026).	License State	License State	Details ->
Marijuana Legalization Current statewide marijuana status: Legal, Medical, or Illegal (NCSL state cannabis laws page updated June 27, 2025).	Legal	Medical	Details ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Land Area Total land area in square miles.	57,914 sq mi	70,698 sq mi	Details ->
Highest Point Highest natural point in the state, with summit elevation.	Charles Mound (1,235 ft)	White Butte (3,508 ft)	Details ->
Statehood When the state was admitted to the Union and its admission order.	December 3, 1818 (#21)	November 2, 1889 (#39)	Details ->
Capital City The official state capital.	Springfield	Bismarck	Details ->
Region U.S. Census Bureau geographic region.	Midwest	Midwest	Details ->

Land Area -> Highest Point ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Life Expectancy Life expectancy at birth in years (CDC 2021).	77.5 yrs	78.7 yrs	Details ->
Older Adult Health Outcomes Composite score for comparing state health outcomes for older adults, using life expectancy, insurance coverage, and obesity prevalence.	61.0	63.6	Details ->
Uninsured Rate Share of residents without health insurance coverage.	6.2%	4.5%	Details ->
Obesity Rate Adult obesity prevalence.	34.2%	36.8%	Details ->

Life Expectancy -> Older Adult Health Outcomes -> Uninsured Rate -> Obesity Rate ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Violent Crime Rate Violent crime incidents per 100,000 residents (FBI UCR 2022).	390.5	282.5	Details ->
Property Crime Rate Property crime incidents per 100,000 residents.	1847.2	2037.1	Details ->

Violent Crime Rate -> Property Crime Rate ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Median Income Median household income in U.S. dollars.	$78,433	$73,959	Details ->
Regional Price Parity Official price level relative to the national average (100 = U.S. average).	97.6	91.0	Details ->
Purchasing Power of $100 Real local value of $100 after adjusting for BEA Regional Price Parities.	$104.29	$110.70	Details ->
Poverty Rate Share of residents below the federal poverty line (ACS 2023).	11.6%	9.8%	Details ->
Employment/Population Ratio Employed civilian population as a share of the adult population (ACS 2023).	62.1%	65.9%	Details ->
Unemployment Rate Seasonally adjusted unemployment rate (BLS, December 2025).	4.6%	2.6%	Details ->
Job Growth Change in total nonfarm payroll employment from December 2024 to December 2025 (BLS).	0.0%	0.0%	Details ->

Median Income -> Regional Price Parity -> Purchasing Power of $100 -> Poverty Rate -> Employment/Population Ratio -> Unemployment Rate -> Job Growth ->

Metric	IL	ND	Deep dive
Retirement Score Composite score for comparing states for retirement, combining affordability, taxes, housing, health, safety, and winter climate.	57.3	67.4	Details ->

Retirement Score ->

Intent-Oriented

Which state fits your priorities better?

Use these cards as decision shortcuts for common goals like saving money, buying a home, finding better weather, or optimizing for work and family life.

Saving Money

Illinois is cheaper overall

Overall cost-of-living index: 95.2 vs 99.1 in North Dakota. On a national baseline of 100, the lower score usually means cheaper day-to-day expenses.

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Gas Price

North Dakota is cheaper at the pump

Average regular gas price: $3.451/gal in North Dakota vs $4.294/gal in Illinois. Lower pump prices can cut everyday driving costs.

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Minimum Wage

Illinois has the higher minimum wage

State minimum wage: $15.00/hr in Illinois vs $7.25/hr in North Dakota. That matters most for hourly, entry-level, and part-time workers.

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Electricity Rates

North Dakota has cheaper electricity

Average residential electricity rate: 10.92 c/kWh in North Dakota vs 16.36 c/kWh in Illinois. Lower cents-per-kWh pricing can help keep utility bills down.

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Buying a Home

North Dakota is more attainable for buyers

Home-value-to-income ratio: 2.98x in North Dakota vs 3.16x in Illinois. A lower ratio means the median home is easier to afford on a median income.

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Renting

North Dakota is easier for renters

Rent-to-income ratio: 15.2% in North Dakota vs 18.8% in Illinois. A lower percentage means rent takes a smaller bite out of a typical household budget.

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Property Tax

North Dakota has lower property taxes

Effective property tax rate: 0.99% in North Dakota vs 2.01% in Illinois. A lower rate usually means a smaller yearly tax bill relative to home value.

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State Color

Illinois votes bluer

2024 presidential margin: Dem +10.86 in Illinois vs Rep +36.45 in North Dakota.

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Gun Laws

Illinois has stricter gun laws

Illinois falls into the restrictive category, while North Dakota falls into the permissive category on this simplified statewide comparison.

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Marijuana Legalization

Illinois has broader marijuana access

Illinois currently rates as Legal, while North Dakota rates as Medical under statewide marijuana law.

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Lower Taxes

North Dakota has lower income taxes

Top state income tax rate: 2.50% in North Dakota vs 4.95% in Illinois.

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More Space

North Dakota feels less crowded

Population density: 11.0 per sq mi in North Dakota vs 221.2 per sq mi in Illinois. Lower density usually means more space and less day-to-day congestion.

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Shorter Commute

North Dakota has the shorter commute

Average commute: 16.2 min in North Dakota vs 28.1 min in Illinois.

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Job Opportunities

North Dakota looks better for job seekers

Unemployment rate: 2.6% in North Dakota vs 4.6% in Illinois.

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Remote Workers

North Dakota looks better for remote workers

Livability score: 54.63 in North Dakota vs 54.60 in Illinois. North Dakota also has the shorter average commute.

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Families

North Dakota looks better for families

North Dakota wins more family-oriented signals in this matchup, including violent crime rate, life expectancy, uninsured rate compared with Illinois.

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Warmer Climate

Illinois is warmer overall

Average annual temperature: 51.8°F in Illinois vs 40.4°F in North Dakota.

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More Sunshine

Illinois gets more sun

Sunny days per year: 95 days in Illinois vs 93 days in North Dakota.

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Detailed Metric Pages

Grouped tabs keep the deep-dive links tighter and easier to scan.

Population

Illinois has a larger population than North Dakota by 12,033,414 people.

Population Density

Illinois is more densely populated than North Dakota.

Bachelor's Degree

Illinois has a higher college-educated share than North Dakota.

Advanced Degree

Illinois has a higher advanced-degree share than North Dakota.

Illinois vs North Dakota - Common Questions

Q Is Illinois cheaper to live in than North Dakota?

Illinois has the lower cost of living. On the national index (100 = average), Illinois scores 95.2 versus 99.1 for North Dakota - a gap of 3.9 points.

Q Where does $100 go further - Illinois or North Dakota?

$100 goes further in North Dakota. After BEA regional price adjustments, $100 is worth about $110.70 in North Dakota, compared with $104.29 in Illinois.

Q Which state is bigger - Illinois or North Dakota?

North Dakota is larger, covering 70,698 sq mi compared with 57,914 sq mi for Illinois - roughly 1.2x the size.

Q Does Illinois or North Dakota have more people?

Illinois has the larger population at 12,812,508, compared with 779,094 in North Dakota.

Q Which state has higher household income - Illinois or North Dakota?

Illinois has the higher median household income at $78,433, versus $73,959 in North Dakota.

Q Which state has lower income taxes - Illinois or North Dakota?

North Dakota has the lower state income tax top rate at 2.50%, compared with 4.95% in Illinois.

Q Is housing cheaper in Illinois or North Dakota?

Homes are cheaper in North Dakota, where the median home value is $220,600, versus $247,500 in Illinois.

Q Which state is more densely populated - Illinois or North Dakota?

Illinois is more densely populated at 221.2 per sq mi people per sq mi. North Dakota is more spread out at 11.0 per sq mi people per sq mi.

Related Comparisons

Indiana vs North Dakota

Iowa vs North Dakota

Methodology

All figures are sourced from U.S. government datasets and updated annually. Page last updated: April 2026.

Core demographic data comes from the 2020 U.S. Census, with land area from U.S. Census Bureau TIGER files and statehood dates from the National Archives. Income, housing, affordability, and tax fields are maintained in our comparison dataset; purchasing-power figures use BEA Regional Price Parities. Minimum wage data comes from the U.S. Department of Labor, gas prices from AAA, and electricity rates from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Political control and election fields use 2024 presidential results together with National Conference of State Legislatures data. Gun-law labels use the Giffords scorecard, alcohol system data comes from NABCA, and marijuana status uses NCSL's state cannabis laws tracker. See our editorial policy for how we review and update these pages.